i–♭VII–IV in C Minor

Pattern: i – ♭VII – IV Chords: Cm – B♭ – F

Chord Breakdown

Numeral	Chord	Type	Function
i	Cm (details)	minor	Tonic
♭VII	B♭ (details)	major	Subtonic
IV	F (details)	major	Subdominant

Harmonic Analysis

This progression moves through Cm (Tonic) → B♭ (Subtonic) → F (Subdominant).

The i–♭VII–IV progression descends stepwise from the minor tonic through the subtonic to the subdominant, creating a classic Dorian-flavored sound. The major IV chord (borrowed from Dorian mode) gives it a brighter quality than typical minor progressions. It appears frequently in rock and folk music.

Song Examples

Oye Como Va, Santana
Smoke on the Water, Deep Purple

Chord Details

Cm B♭ F

More Progressions in C Minor

i–♭VII–♭VI–V i–iv–v vi–IV–I–V i–iv–i–V iv–iv–i–V i–iv–i i–iv–V vi–V–IV–III i–♭VII i–♭III–♭VII i–♭VII–♭VI i–♭III–♭VII–IV