Ab2103.826 Hz

Ab2 (A-flat 2) is 103.826 Hz in standard equal temperament at A=440 Hz. It is MIDI note number 44.

Ab2 Frequency in All Tuning Systems

Temperament Frequency (Hz) Cents from Equal Common Usage
Equal Temperament 103.826 Hz 0.00 Modern standard; piano, fretted instruments
Pythagorean 104.414 Hz +9.78 Medieval/early music; string ensemble open fifths
Just Intonation (Major) 104.650 Hz +13.69 A cappella vocal, barbershop, Renaissance
Just Intonation (Minor) 104.650 Hz +13.69 Minor-key vocal music, string ensembles
Quarter-Comma Meantone 102.805 Hz -17.11 Renaissance keyboard, early Baroque organ
Third-Comma Meantone 102.468 Hz -22.79 Renaissance vocal music in minor keys
Sixth-Comma Meantone 103.133 Hz -11.59 Baroque orchestral ensemble compromise
Werckmeister III 104.061 Hz +3.91 Baroque keyboard; Bach contemporaries
Werckmeister IV 103.709 Hz -1.95 Baroque keyboard, strong key contrast
Werckmeister V 103.709 Hz -1.95 Specialized Baroque keyboard
Kirnberger III 104.061 Hz +3.91 Classical-era keyboard, keys near C major
Vallotti 104.061 Hz +3.91 Baroque/Classical orchestral tuning
Young (1799) 103.944 Hz +1.97 Classical-era keyboard
Bach/Lehman 104.061 Hz +3.91 Bach keyboard works, Well-Tempered Clavier
Neidhardt 103.944 Hz +1.97 18th century keyboard, near-equal alternative
Kellner (Bach) 104.061 Hz +3.91 Bach keyboard reconstruction

Positive cents = sharper than equal temperament. Negative cents = flatter. 100 cents = 1 semitone.

Ab2 at Different Concert Pitches

The same note varies in frequency depending on the concert pitch standard used by your ensemble.

Concert Pitch Frequency (Hz) Common Usage
A = 440 Hz (ISO standard) 103.826 Hz US, UK, and most modern ensembles worldwide
A = 442 Hz 104.298 Hz Many European orchestras; France, Germany
A = 443 Hz 104.534 Hz Berlin Philharmonic; some US orchestras
A = 432 Hz 101.938 Hz Alternative tuning; Baroque revival
A = 415 Hz (Baroque) 97.927 Hz Historically-informed Baroque performance

f = f_at_A440 × (concert_pitch / 440)

Instruments That Play Ab2

Ab2 (103.826 Hz) falls within the comfortable playing range of 25 instruments.

Ab2 and G#2 — Enharmonic Equivalents

Ab2 and G#2 are enharmonic equivalents — they sound identical at 103.826 Hz but are written differently depending on the musical context.

Ab2: A♭ appears as the tonic of A♭ major and is common in flat key signatures. Common key signatures: A♭ major, D♭ major, E♭ major.

G#2: G♯ appears in sharp key signatures and is the leading tone in A major. Common key signatures: A major, E major, B major, F♯ major, C♯ major.

Enharmonic equivalents share the same frequency in equal temperament. In historical temperaments like Pythagorean or meantone, they may differ slightly.

Why Ab2 Varies Across Tuning Systems

Ab2 shows a maximum deviation of -22.79 cents in Third-Comma Meantone compared to equal temperament. This 23-cent difference is clearly audible to trained musicians and reflects how different tuning philosophies prioritize interval purity over equal distribution.

In Third-Comma Meantone, Ab2 is tuned flatter than equal temperament, reflecting this system's approach to distributing the Pythagorean comma across the chromatic scale.

5 of the 15 non-equal temperaments deviate by more than 10 cents for Ab2, making this note one where tuning system choice has a meaningful impact on pitch.

Ab2 Across All Tuning Systems

Explore how Ab2 is tuned in each historical temperament system. Each tuning system gives Ab2 a slightly different frequency, affecting the harmonic character of chords and melodies.

Tune Ab2 with precision — Get Tunable.

Tunable supports 15+ tuning systems including equal temperament, Pythagorean, just intonation, and historical well-temperaments. See exact Hz values in real-time as you play.