Major Third
Definition & Properties
The major third has a bright, cheerful quality that defines the major triad. It is one of the most recognizable consonances in Western music, central to the construction of major keys and chords.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | M3 |
| Semitones | 4 |
| Quality | Major |
| Just Ratio | 5:4 |
| Cents from Equal | -13.69 |
| Harmonic Character | bright consonance |
Ear Training Reference
The Major Third (M3) is commonly recognized by the ascending motion of: When the Saints Go Marching In; do-mi.
Practice direction: ascending — sing from the lower note up by 4 semitones.
Note Pair Examples
| Note 1 | Note 2 | Interval | Semitones |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | E | Major Third | 4 |
| G | B | Major Third | 4 |
| D | F# | Major Third | 4 |
| F | A | Major Third | 4 |
Intonation by Temperament
The Major Third measures 5:4 in just intonation (-13.69 cents from equal temperament). This deviation affects ensemble tuning and instrument voicing.
| Temperament | C4 (Hz) | E4 (Hz) |
|---|---|---|
| Equal Temperament | 261.626 | 329.628 |
| Pythagorean | 260.740 | 330.001 |
| Just Intonation | 261.626 | 327.032 |
Instrument Tuning Context
Intervals smaller than a perfect fifth (4 semitones) are most sensitive to tuning in ensemble playing. Wind and string players adjust embouchure and finger pressure to lock in pure ratios.
Chords & Scales Containing This Interval
Chords
These chord types contain the Major Third as a characteristic interval:
Scales
These scales include the Major Third as a structural interval: