Major Second
Definition & Properties
The major second (whole step) is the most common melodic interval in Western music. It forms the basis of major and minor scales and has a mild, open dissonance when played harmonically.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | M2 |
| Semitones | 2 |
| Quality | Major |
| Just Ratio | 9:8 |
| Cents from Equal | +3.91 |
| Harmonic Character | mild dissonance |
Ear Training Reference
The Major Second (M2) is commonly recognized by the ascending motion of: Happy Birthday (ascending); do-re.
Practice direction: ascending — sing from the lower note up by 2 semitones.
Note Pair Examples
| Note 1 | Note 2 | Interval | Semitones |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | D | Major Second | 2 |
| G | A | Major Second | 2 |
| D | E | Major Second | 2 |
| F | G | Major Second | 2 |
Intonation by Temperament
The Major Second measures 9:8 in just intonation (+3.91 cents from equal temperament). This deviation affects ensemble tuning and instrument voicing.
| Temperament | C4 (Hz) | D4 (Hz) |
|---|---|---|
| Equal Temperament | 261.626 | 293.665 |
| Pythagorean | 260.740 | 293.332 |
| Just Intonation | 261.626 | 294.329 |
Instrument Tuning Context
Intervals smaller than a perfect fifth (2 semitones) are most sensitive to tuning in ensemble playing. Wind and string players adjust embouchure and finger pressure to lock in pure ratios.
Chords & Scales Containing This Interval
Chords
These chord types contain the Major Second as a characteristic interval:
Scales
These scales include the Major Second as a structural interval: