C Minor Triad

Chord Tones: C Minor Triad

Symbol: m, min, - — Formula: 1-♭3-5

Chord Notation

Roman numeral (e.g. I, IV, V) and Nashville Number notation are key-dependent. See Keys pages for chord function within specific keys.

Inversions

Harmonic Function

The C minor chord commonly functions as the tonic (I) in C major/minor. Its harmonic role varies by key — in major keys it provides subdominant or supertonic color.

The minor triad has a dark, introspective sound created by the flat third degree. It is the foundation of minor key harmony and widely used across all genres of music. The C Minor Triad specifically contains 3 notes: C, D♯, G (formula: 1-♭3-5). On piano, C-rooted chords sit entirely on white keys in their basic triad form, making them the first chords most students learn. Pop, folk, and singer-songwriter music heavily use C-rooted chords because open-position guitar voicings and piano shapes are immediately accessible.

Common Progressions

The C Minor Triad frequently appears in these progression patterns (shown in Roman numeral notation relative to key):

• i-iv-v-i
• ii-V-I

Songs Featuring the Minor Triad

Well-known songs where the C Minor Triad — or this chord type — plays a prominent role:

• Stairway to Heaven – Led Zeppelin
• Nothing Else Matters – Metallica
• Losing My Religion – R.E.M.

Tuning Frequencies Across Temperaments

Frequencies shown at A=440 Hz. View full temperament data for any note.

Scales Containing the C Minor Triad

These scales include the C Minor Triad as a diatonic or characteristic chord: