I–IV–ii–V–I

A progression that approaches the dominant cadence via both subdominant chords (IV and ii), creating a strong pre-dominant preparation. This double subdominant approach is characteristic of Classical-period phrase endings.

Pattern: I – IV – ii – V – I   Example in C Major: C – F – Dm – G – C

Genre: classical   Difficulty: intermediate

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C Major C – F – Dm – G – C G Major G – C – Am – D – G D Major D – G – Em – A – D A Major A – D – Bm – E – A E Major E – A – F♯m – B – E B Major B – E – C♯m – F♯ – B F♯ Major F♯ – B – G♯m – C♯ – F♯ F Major F – B♭ – Gm – C – F B♭ Major B♭ – E♭ – Cm – F – B♭ E♭ Major E♭ – A♭ – Fm – B♭ – E♭ A♭ Major A♭ – D♭ – Bbm – E♭ – A♭ D♭ Major D♭ – G♭ – Ebm – A♭ – D♭

Song Examples