I–♭II–♭VII–I in D Major

Pattern: I – ♭II – ♭VII – I Chords: D – E♭ – C – D

Chord Breakdown

Numeral	Chord	Type	Function
I	D (details)	major	Tonic
♭II	E♭ (details)	major	Supertonic
♭VII	C (details)	major	Subtonic
I	D (details)	major	Tonic

Harmonic Analysis

This progression moves through D (Tonic) → E♭ (Supertonic) → C (Subtonic) → D (Tonic).

The I–♭II–♭VII–I progression borrows the exotic ♭II from Phrygian mode, creating a stark chromatic contrast against the major tonic. The ♭VII then provides a familiar stepping stone back to I. This pattern evokes Middle Eastern and Spanish flavors in a rock context.

Song Examples

Kashmir — Led Zeppelin
Wherever I May Roam — Metallica

Chord Details

D E♭ C

More Progressions in D Major

I–IV–V–I I–V–vi–IV I–vi–IV–V ii–V–I I–IV–V I–♭VII–IV vi–IV–I–V I–V–vi–iii–IV–I–IV–V I–IV I–V IV–V IV–I